THE FOUR INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Define
the term industrial revolution Industry 4.0
Define
the term industrial revolution Industry 4.0 is a name given to the
current trend of automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies.
It includes cyber-physical systems, the Internet of
things, cloud computing and cognitive computing. Industry 4.0 is
commonly referred to as the fourth industrial revolution. Industry 4.0
fosters what has been called a "smart factory". Within
modular structured smart factories, cyber-physical systems monitor physical
processes, create a virtual copy of the physical world and make decentralized
decisions. Over the Internet of Things, cyber-physical systems communicate and
cooperate with each other and with humans in real-time both internally and
across organizational services offered and used by participants of
the value chain.
Industry 1.0
In
the 1800s, water- and steam-powered machines were developed to aid workers. As
production capabilities increased, business also grew from individual cottage
owners taking care of their own — and maybe their neighbors’ — needs to
organizations with owners, managers and employees serving customers.
Industry 2.0
By
the beginning of the 20th century, electricity became the primary source of
power. It was easier to use than water and steam and enabled businesses to
concentrate power sources to individual machines. Eventually machines were
designed with their own power sources, making them more portable.
This
period also saw the development of a number of management programs that made it
possible to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of manufacturing facilities.
Division of labor, where each worker does a part of the total job, increased
productivity. Mass production of goods using assembly lines became commonplace.
American mechanical engineer Frederick Taylor introduced approaches of studying
jobs to optimize worker and workplace methods. Lastly, just-in-time and lean
manufacturing principles further refined the way in which manufacturing
companies could improve their quality and output.
Industry 3.0
In
the last few decades of the 20th century, the invention and manufacture of
electronic devices, such as the transistor and, later, integrated circuit
chips, made it possible to more fully automate individual machines to
supplement or replace operators. This period also spawned the development of
software systems to capitalize on the electronic hardware. Integrated systems,
such as material requirements planning, were superseded by enterprise resources
planning tools that enabled humans to plan, schedule and track product flows
through the factory. Pressure to reduce costs caused many manufacturers to move
component and assembly operations to low-cost countries. The extended
geographic dispersion resulted in the formalization of the concept of supply
chain management.
Industry 4.0
In
the 21st century, Industry 4.0 connects the internet of things (IOT) with
manufacturing techniques to enable systems to share information, analyze it and
use it to guide intelligent actions. It also incorporates cutting-edge
technologies including additive manufacturing, robotics, artificial
intelligence and other cognitive technologies, advanced materials, and
augmented reality, according to the article “Industry 4.0 and Manufacturing
Ecosystems” by Deloitte University Press.
The
development of new technology has been a primary driver of the movement to
Industry 4.0. Some of the programs first developed during the later stages of
the 20th century, such as manufacturing execution systems, shop floor control
and product life cycle management, were farsighted concepts that lacked the technology
needed to make their complete implementation possible. Now, Industry 4.0 can
help these programs reach their full potential.
Impact
Industrial Revolution on Society
Fourth
industrial revolution 4.0 refer to an major industrial era which utilize cloud
computing, mobile technology and big data for production. However, Industry 4.0
is a technology that was created by the Germans based on the Industrial
internet of things standards. During industrial revolution 1.0,people utilize
steam power for production. For example, vehicle powered by steam power is
being invented to make long distance travel easier. That's one way how Industry
revolution 1.0 has brought significant impact during that time.
On
the another hand, people during Industry revolution 2.0 has utilized
electricity for mass production. The manufacturing industry has utilized
electricity to maximize efficiency. As a result ,people living that era has
learned to use electricity on a daily basis. Similarly, Industry revolution 3.0
has brought meaningful impact to the society. People around this era has
utilized microelectronics and information technology for production.Internet is
one of the major inventions during this time. In the Manufacturing Industry,
people has utilized computers to assign task to the machines for automation. In
this way, Industrial revolution 3.0 will be the stepping stone of Industrial
revolution 4.0.Thus ,big data, Cloud computing and mobile technologies will be
utilized for production. Computers are replacing humans to assign task to the
machines while technology enabled human is just acting as a moral
support.Production order that used to be days to execute can now be done in a
few hours as it only requires one human for execution anywhere in the world .
There are still a lot of potential for Industry revolution 4.0 and we will be
the witnesses .
Scope of the fourth Indsutrial
Reovlution differs from those of the first
time
This Industrial Revolution gave
birth to history when human and animal power was replaced by the presence of
machines. One of them is the discovery of steam engines in the 18th century.
The Industrial Revolution was also marked by massive changes in agriculture,
mining, manufacturing, transportation, and technology. In the second industrial
revolution , the development of science and the emergence of modern scientists,
such as Niels Bohr, Thomas Alfa Edison, Nikola Tesla, and Albert Einstein. The
Industrial Revolution was marked by the emergence of electric power plants and
combustionchamber motors. This discovery triggered the emergence of telephones,
cars, airplanes, etc. that significantly changed the face of the world. During
this period, it was also seen that management development is possible to
improve manufacturing efficiency and effectiveness. One of them is the division
of labor where each worker does a part of the total work so that it can
increase productivity. Others also mass production of goods using assembly
lines is common. In the third industrial revolution The emergence of digital
technology and the internet at the end of the 20th century marked the start of
the Indonesian Revolution 3.0, otherwise known as the Digital Revolution.
The
process of this industrial revolution was examined based on the perspective of
British sociologist David Harvey as a process of compressing space and time so
that space and time are increasingly compressed and no longer distant. The
Industrial Revolution 2.0 with the presence of cars makes time and distance
closer. The Industrial Revolution 3.0 brings the two together. Therefore, the
digital era carries a real time side. In the Industrial Revolution 4.0, humans
have discovered new patterns when disruptive technology is present so quickly
and threatens the existence of incumbent companies (old player companies).
History has noted that the Industrial Revolution has claimed many lives with
the death of giant companies. Moreover, in this generation 4.0 industrial era,
the size of the company is not a guarantee, but the company's agility is the
key to success in gaining victory quickly. This is shown by Uber which
threatens big players in the transportation industry or also Airbnb which
threatens the main players in the tourism service industry. This proves that
the fast can prey on the slow and not the big ones to eat the small ones.
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